Why India must export food grains

With the government sitting on heaps of foodgrain and with an acute shortage of quality storage facilities, analysts, some within the government, suggest exporting foodgrain and reviewing procurement policy.

The suggestion is gaining ground among advisors and experts, given the current global situation, where wheat prices are on the rise on fears of subdued production in drought-hit countries like Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

. . .

"The situation is perfect for India to export some of its foodgrain stock because it cannot store it. The international market is highly favourable and around five million tonnes of wheat can easily be exported," said Ashok Gulati, director (Asia), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Within the government, chief economic advisor Kaushik Basu is also of the view that exporting surplus foodgrain, especially wheat, is a solution to the problem of lack of storage capacity. Basu also believes inflation rate in food articles have constantly been on the rise, in spite of holding food stocks.

. . .

Russia, the fourth-largest exporter of wheat in the world, is reeling under reduced supplies, as production has dropped due to drought. To protect its domestic supplies, Russia, along with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, has banned grain exports till December.

This has boosted the international prices of wheat by around 50 per cent, making it an optimally profitable situation for India to facilitate export of the surplus.

At present, the international wheat price is hovering at around Rs 16,465 a tonne, much above the domestic prices of Rs 11,125 a tonne. The government procurement price of wheat for the current season is Rs 110 a tonne.

. . .

The suggestion is gaining ground in the wake of the inability of the government to clear the existing stock through the Public Distribution System (PDS) and lukewarm offtake under the open market scheme.

There has already been wastage of around 50,000 tonnes of wheat this year while much more is rotting in open plinths, while the procurement from this season, likely to see a 10.4 per cent growth in harvest, is yet to begin.

Though the kharif crop will mainly consist of paddy, the rabi crop, which will see wheat procurement in February-March next year, will put the government under more stress.

. . .

However, there is political resistance, with Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar denying any intention to export the grain. "We may give to neighboring countries, if we are asked to, for diplomatic reasons, but we are not likely to relook at our policy," Pawar had recently said. The government has banned the export of wheat and non-basmati rice since 2003.

Both Basu and Gulati point out that the root of the problem is not the lack of storage capacity of government agencies, but the excessive procurement by the government. Gulati says the storage capacity of government agencies is sufficient to store buffer stocks according to buffer norm standards.

. . .

According to the minimum buffer stock norm, the government has to store 21.2 million tonnes of foodgrain, while government agencies the like Food Corporation of India (FCI), Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) and State Warehousing Corporation (SWC) have storage capacity of 52.6 million tonnes. Of this, agencies own storage capacity of 33.7 million tonnes, while there hired facilities that can store 18.9 million tonnes.

However, the government is currently sitting on 60 million tonnes of foodgrain (as on June 30), around 183 per cent above the minimum buffer stock norm.

"The big question is why they are keeping such huge stock. The private sector has stock limits. However, due to its procurement policies, the government has become the biggest hoarder of foodgrain. This is dictating market prices," Gulati adds.

. . .

"The issues illustrate a pervasive weakness that runs through India's foodgrain policy. In the name of helping the farmer and the consumer we have ended up creating a policy framework that has not got high marks on either account," Basu had said in his research note.

Gulati's solution to the entire imbalance in procurement, distribution and storage policy is to export the current surplus and earmark the money generated for creating new storage capacities in the country.

Basu espouses the idea that India can go into swap deals with countries and sell grains in exchange for return sale after two-three years. "The idea is, because you cannot store it here, you store it somewhere else," Basu told Business Standard over the phone.